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Decorators in Python

Decorators are functions that modify the behavior of other functions or classes.

Basic Function Decorator

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def my_decorator(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print("Before function call")
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        print("After function call")
        return result
    return wrapper

@my_decorator
def say_hello():
    print("Hello!")

say_hello()

Built-in Decorators

  • @staticmethod
  • @classmethod
  • @property

Example: Timing Decorator

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import time

def timer(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        start = time.time()
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        end = time.time()
        print(f"Elapsed: {end - start}s")
        return result
    return wrapper

@timer
def slow_function():
    time.sleep(1)

slow_function()

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